UPSC Essentials | Daily Subject-wise quiz : History, Culture, and Social Issues (Week 10)

QUESTION 1

With reference to the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, consider the following statements:

1. There was a public meeting against the arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew for opposing the Rowlatt Act at Jallianwala Bagh.

2. Saddler Commission was set up to inquire into the matter.

Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

QUESTION 2

Consider the following statements about National Medical Devices Policy, 2023:

1. The policy aims to create a single-window approval process for medical device manufacturers to ensure quick approvals and an accountable system.

2. It will increase the domestic manufacturing of high-end medical devices.

3. It aims to increase India’s share in the global market from the current 1.5 per cent to 12 per cent over the next 25 years.

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

QUESTION 3

He hailed from the Ratnagiri district in present-day Maharashtra and studied at the Elphinstone College in Mumbai before joining as a professor at the Fergusson College in Pune. He cross-examined British colonial expenditure at the Welby Commission of 1897 in England. In 1889, he joined the Indian National Congress, emerging as one of the main leaders of its ‘moderate’ wing, and became the Congress president at its Banaras session in 1905.

The above-mentioned lines refer to which of the following national leaders?

(a) Dada Bhai Naororji

(b) Surendranath Banerjee

(c) Madam Mohan Malviya

(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

QUESTION 4

With reference to the World Heritage Sites, consider the following statements:

1. The caves at Ajanta represent a collection of Buddhist art from two periods.

2. India is home to only cultural and natural heritage sites.

3. World Heritage Day is observed on April 18, but it has not been approved by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organisation (UNESCO).

How many of the above statements are correct?

(a) Only one

(b) Only two

(c) All three

(d) None

QUESTION 5

Which of the following states has received the G.I tag for Idu Mishmi Textiles?

(a) Arunachal Pradesh

(b) Sikkim

(c) Assam

(d) Meghalaya

ANSWERS TO MCQs

1. (a)

FYI:

— On April 13, 1919, a protest was organised against the arrest of Dr. Satyapal and Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew for opposing the Rowlatt Act in a compound called Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
— A British Colonel named Reginald Edward Harry Dyer ordered troops to surround the compound, situated between houses and narrow lanes and launched indiscriminate firing on the assembled men, women and children who lacked the means to escape.
— April 13 saw celebrations for the Sikh festival of Baisakhi, which marks the onset of spring and the harvest of winter crops.
— The Rowlatt Bills curtailed the civil liberties of Indians and let colonial forces arrest people without any warrant or trial. One of the acts was pushed through the Legislative Council ignoring the objections of elected Indian representatives, leading to resentment among Indians.
— Some violent protests had been witnessed in the cities of Delhi, Bombay (now Mumbai) and Lahore as well, even as MK Gandhi called for the launch of a non-violent peaceful protest at the time.
— On October 14, 1919, the Disorders Inquiry Committee was formed to inquire about the massacre. It later came to be known as the Hunter Commission. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
— The Hunter Commission was directed to announce its verdict on the justifiability, or otherwise, of the steps taken by the government. All the British officials involved in the administration during the disturbances in Amritsar were interrogated, including General Dyer and Mr. Irving.

 Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

(Other Source: indianculture.gov.in)

2. (c)

FYI:

— The Union Cabinet approved the medical devices policy to promote the industry in a “holistic manner” from its current size of $11 billion to $50 billion over the next five years.

— The policy is set to facilitate an enabling ecosystem for manufacturing and innovation, a streamlined regulatory framework and skill building in line with industry requirements, It aims to increase India’s share in the global market from the current 1.5 per cent to 12 per cent over the next 25 years. Hence, statement 3 is correct.

— The policy also plans to create a single-window approval process for medical device manufacturers to ensure quick approvals and an accountable system. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

— Medical device manufacturing is a sunrise sector, but we import around 75 per cent of medical devices at present

— The Department of Biotechnology is already working on research in the field, the Health Ministry on regulations, the Pharmaceutical Department on developing medical technology parks, and the Skill Development Ministry on training needed.

— The policy is meant to bring together all the efforts for systematic development and expansion of the sector.

— A production-linked incentive was also announced for 26 medical devices, with 19 already starting manufacturing.

— It aims to increase domestic manufacturing of high-end medical devices such as MRIs, CT scans, mammograms, C-Arm, and X-ray tubes. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

— Under the new policy, a single-window clearance system will be created for the licensing of medical devices for ease of doing business. It envisions an increased role for agencies such as BIS to create standards for products, processes, and performance, and ensure quality to make the indigenous industry globally competitive.

— As for enhancing infrastructure, the policy not only envisions medical device parks but also clusters equipped with world-class common infrastructure for smaller manufacturers.

— It aims to promote research through the establishment of centres of excellence in academic and research institutes, create innovation hubs, and develop “plug-and-play” infrastructure for start-ups.

— The policy also talks about attracting investment in the sector through government schemes such as Make in India, Ayushman Bharat, Heal in India, as well as private investments from venture capitalists and the public-private partnership model.

— Another focus area of the policy will be to create human resources by skilling professionals, creating multi-disciplinary courses for medical devices, and developing partnerships with foreign academic or industry organisations.

Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.

3. (d)

FYI:

— Gokhale hailed from the Ratnagiri district in present-day Maharashtra and studied at the Elphinstone College in Mumbai before joining as a professor at the Fergusson College in Pune, where he taught political economy and history.

— Gokhale first arrived on the national scene after cross-examining British colonial expenditure at the Welby Commission of 1897 in England.

— Gokhale’s work earned him praise in India as he laid bare British military financing policies that heavily burdened Indian taxpayers, much to the chagrin of then Viceroy Lord Curzon, regarded among the most vituperative of racists to occupy that post.

— In 1889, Gokhale joined the Indian National Congress, emerging as one of the main leaders of its ‘moderate’ wing. He gave up teaching three years later to work as a lawmaker for the remainder of his life.

— He became Congress president at its Banaras session in 1905, where he said, “The minds of the people have been familiarised with the idea of a united India working for her salvation; a national public opinion has been created; close bonds of sympathy now knit together the different provinces; caste and creed separations hamper less and less the pursuit of a common aim; the dignity of a consciousness of national existence has spread over the whole land.”

— Gokhale is best remembered for his extensive work in colonial legislatures. Between 1899 and 1902, he was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council, followed by a stint at the Imperial Legislative Council from 1902 until his death.

— At Bombay, Gokhale opposed the British government’s onerous land revenue policies, advocated free and compulsory primary education, and asked for the creation of equal opportunities to fight against untouchability.

— At the Imperial legislature, Gokhale played a key role in framing the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909 and advocated for the expansion of legislative councils at both the Centre and the provinces. A critic of British imperial bureaucracy, Gokhale favoured decentralisation and the promotion of panchayat and taluka bodies.

— He also spoke for the Indian diaspora living in other parts of the British Empire and opposed tooth and nail the indentured labour system, raising their problems in the Imperial legislature as well as at Congress sessions.

Therefore, option (d) is the correct answer.

4. (a)

FYI:

— In 1982, the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) took the decision to celebrate April 18 as the International Day for Monuments and Sites, popularly known as World Heritage Day.

— It was approved by UNESCO in 1983 during its 22nd General Conference, the day is dedicated to recognising sites of historical importance, raising awareness regarding them, and stressing the need to restore and preserve them. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.

— The theme for the year 2023 is “Heritage Changes.” This theme is aimed at addressing issues of climate action and its relation to cultural heritage. It also emphasises the role of cultural heritage in supporting the protection of vulnerable communities through climate action and responding to the UN Decade of Action.

— At the moment, India is home to 40 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Out of these, 32 are cultural, 7 are natural, and one, the Khangchendzonga National Park, is of mixed type. India has the sixth-largest number of sites in the world. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.

— The caves at Ajanta represent a collection of Buddhist art from two periods. The earliest monuments date to the second and first centuries BC and were created by the followers of Theravada Buddhism. Later on, monuments were added in the fifth and sixth centuries AD during the Vakataka dynasty. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

5. (a)

FYI:

— The Idu Mishmi is a sub-tribe of the larger Mishmi group (the other two Mishmi groups are Digaru and Miju) in Arunachal Pradesh and neighboring Tibet.

— They are known for their weaving and craftsmanship skills.

— The Idu Mishmis primarily live in the Mishmi Hills, bordering Tibet. The ancestral homelands of Idu Mishmi are spread over the districts of Dibang Valley and Lower Dibang Valley, as well as parts of Upper Siang and Lohit.

— The tribe is estimated to comprise around 12,000 people (as per the 2011 census), and their language (also called Idu Mishmi) is considered endangered by UNESCO.

— Idu Mishmi Textile is multi-coloured and picturesque, and it has the highest amount of combination of geometrical patterns in a continuous sequence, which is elaborately placed on a piece of cloth for men’s and women’s clothing.

— Though diamond designs can be found in the dresses of other tribes, in Idu Mishmi dresses, diamond designs have been brought to the highest degree of elaboration.
— The geometric patterns like lines, angles, triangles, plus marks and circles form the motifs.

Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.

(Other Source: search.ipindia.gov.in)

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